What is Bariatric Surgery?

Gastrointestinal surgery for obesity, also called bariatric as surgery , this alters the digestive process so that patients lose their weight safely and effectively. 

There are three types of  laparoscopic bariatric surgical options now a days famous hospitals are offering.

ie. stay in hospital short period and a faster return to work and activity.

1.Gastric Banding: Gastric Banding is a restrictive operation in witch a band is placed around the upper portion of the stomach to decrease the amount of food the stomach can physically hold. it does not interfere with the normal digestive process. Weight loss achieved by decreased food intake. Currently requires one night stay in hospital

ROLE OF NONI IN LEUCODERMA (VITILIGO)

Leucoderma (Vitiligo) is a pigmentation disorder in which melanocytes (the cells that make pigment) in the skin; the mucous membranes (tissues that line the inside of the mouth and nose and genital and rectal areas) are destroyed. As a result, white patches of skin appear on different parts of the body. The hair that grows in areas affected by Vitiligo usually turns white.

The cause of Vitiligo is not known, but doctors and researchers have several different theories. One theory is that people develop antibodies that destroy the melanocytes in their own bodies. Another theory is that melanocytes destroy themselves. Finally, some people have reported that a single event such as sunburn or emotional distress triggered Vitiligo; however, these events have not been scientifically proven to cause Vitiligo.

Vitiligo seems to be more common in people with certain autoimmune diseases (diseases in which a person's immune system reacts against the body's own organs or tissues). These autoimmune diseases include hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid gland), adrenocortical insufficiency (the adrenal gland does not produce enough of the hormone called corticosteroid), alopecia areata (patches of baldness), and pernicious anemia (a low level of red blood cells caused by failure of the body to absorb vitamin B-12). However, most people with Vitiligo have no other autoimmune disease. Vitiligo may also be hereditary, that is, it can run in families. Children whose parents have the disorder are more likely to develop Vitiligo. However, most children will not get Vitiligo even if a parent has it, and most people with Vitiligo do not have a family history of the disorder.

ROLE OF NONI IN EPILEPSY

Epilepsy is a neurological condition that makes people susceptible to seizures. A seizure is a change in sensation, awareness, or behavior brought about by a brief electrical disturbance in the brain. Seizures vary from a momentary disruption of the senses, to short periods of unconsciousness or staring spells, to convulsions. Some people have just one type of seizure. Others have more than one type. Although they look different, all seizures are caused by the same thing: a sudden change in how the cells of the brain send electrical signals to each other.

If you have epilepsy, you probably already know that it's not a mental disorder. It can be caused by anything that affects the brain, including tumors and strokes. Sometimes epilepsy is inherited. Often, no cause can be found.

ROLE OF NONI IN KIDNEY DISEASES

 Chronic renal failure (CRF) is the progressive loss of kidney function. The kidneys attempt to compensate for renal damage by hyper filtration (excessive straining of the blood) within the remaining functional nephrons (filtering units that consist of a glomerulus and corresponding tubule). Over time, hyper filtration causes further loss of function.

Chronic loss of function causes generalized wasting (shrinking in size) and progressive scarring within all parts of the kidneys. In time, overall scarring obscures the site of the initial damage. Yet, it is not until over 70% of the normal combined function of both kidneys is lost that most patients begin to experience symptoms of kidney failure.

How coffee works as anti canser?

As per the study of Harvard University  drinking six cups of coffee in a day  is very beneficial health. As per result of study the risk of cancer in men prostate gland, women have a uterus problem is supposed to go down it. The researchers explained in their study on 1,17,000 people. Coffee by affecting insulin levels are explained in the study of anti cancer  works.

Cardiovascular System

The heart, blood vessels, and blood comprise your cardiovascular system. Blood (shown in red) moving from heart delivers oxygen and nutrients to every part of the body. On the return trip, the blood (shown in blue) picks up waste products so that your body can get rid of them.

Your heart is a muscle about the size of a clenched fist. It contracts and relaxes about 70 times a minute at rest (more if you are exercising), beats about 30,000,000 times a year, and pumps about 4,000 gallons of blood daily through its chambers to all parts of the body. Your blood travels through a rubbery collection of big and small vessels. If strung together end to end, they can stretch 60,000 miles (enough to circle the globe 2 1/2 times)!

As you inhale, air is sent down to your lungs. Blood is pumped from the heart through the pulmonary artery to your lungs where carbon dioxide is removed from it and oxygen is mixed in with it. The oxygenated blood is carried back to the heart through the pulmonary vein. The arteries carry blood away from your heart under high pressure to smaller and smaller branched tubes called capillaries. This delivers oxygen to all the cells in your body including bones, skin, and all organs. Veins bring oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart.

Your blood is mostly comprised of a colorless liquid called plasma. Red blood cells (which give blood its red appearance) deliver oxygen to cells and carry back waste gases in exchange. White blood cells attack and kill germs and Platelets cells help your body repair itself after injury.

Your cardiovascular system is a beautiful symphony which sustains your life. Often it is taken for granted and little is done to ensure its long-term performance. Lack of preventive care will transform your cardiovascular system into a time bomb.

Cardiovascular Disorders

In 2004, cardiovascular diseases claimed 869,724 lives in the United States (36.3% of all deaths). 148,000 lives belonged to Americans under 65. According to 2005 estimates from the American Heart Association, 80,700,000 people in the United States have one or more forms of cardiovascular disease:

1) High Blood Pressure - 73,000,000

High blood pressure puts added force against the artery walls which overtime damages the arteries making them more vulnerable to the narrowing and plaque build up associated with atherosclerosis.

2) Coronary Heart Disease (caused by atherosclerosis, the narrowing of the coronary arteries due to fatty buildups of plaque which blocks the flow of blood to heart muscle thus depriving the heart of oxygen. It is likely to cause Chest Pain and / or Heart Attack) - 16,000,000

Myocardial Infraction (acute heart attack occurs when a clot or spasm blocks an already narrowed coronary artery, restricting oxygen to a portion of heart muscle resulting in permanent injury) - 8,100,000

Angina Pectoris (chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood supply to the heart muscle) - 9,100,000

An estimated 1,200,000 Americans will have a new or recurrent coronary attack this year, and about 310,000 will die as a result.

3) Stroke (occurs when a blood vessel in the brain is blocked or bursts) - 5,800,000

Without blood and the oxygen it carries, part of the brain starts to die and the part of the body controlled by the damaged area of the brain won't work properly.

Brain damage can begin within minutes of a stroke.

4) Heart Failure (the heart does not pump as well as it should) - 5,300,000

About 550,000 people are diagnosed with heart failure each year.

It is the leading cause of hospitalization in people older than 65.

5) Arrhythmia (Abnormal Heart Rhythm) - more than 850,000 Americans are hospitalized for an Arrhythmia each year. It is caused by many factors including:

Coronary Heart Disease

Electrolyte imbalance in your blood (such as sodium or potassium)

Changes in your heart muscle

Injury from a heart attack

Healing process after heart surgery

6) Aortic Aneurysm (bulge in a section of the aorta which can burst causing serious bleeding which can lead to death within minutes) - approximately 176,000 Americans are affected annually leading to 15,000 deaths per year.

Medical problems such as high blood pressure and atherosclerosis weakening artery walls as well as wear and tear that occurs with aging can result in outward bulging of the aortic wall.

The slower flow of blood in the bulging area can cause clots to form. If a blood clots breaks off in the chest area, it can travel to the brain and cause a stroke. If blood clots break off in the belly area, they can block blood flow to the belly or legs.

cardiovascular disease Risk Factors

Risk Factors

As of 2006, 51% of men and 40% of women at age 50 in the United States will develop cardiovascular disease during their lifetime. The primary determinants of risk are:

Smoking - Smokers' risk of developing coronary heart disease is 2–4 times that of nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking also acts with other risk factors to greatly increase the risk for coronary heart disease.

High Cholesterol - As blood cholesterol rises, so does risk of coronary heart disease. When other risk factors (such as high blood pressure and tobacco smoke) are present, this risk increases even more. A person's cholesterol level is also affected by age, sex, heredity and diet.

High Blood Pressure - High blood pressure increases the heart's workload, causing the heart to thicken and become stiffer. It also increases your risk of stroke, heart attack, kidney failure, and congestive heart failure. When high blood pressure exists with obesity, smoking, high blood cholesterol levels or diabetes, the risk of heart attack and stroke increases several times.

Physical Inactivity - An inactive lifestyle is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Regular, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity helps prevent heart and blood vessel disease. The more vigorous the activity, the greater your benefits. However, even moderate-intensity activities help if done regularly and long term. Physical activity can help control blood cholesterol, diabetes and obesity, as well as help lower blood pressure.

Obesity / Excess Weight - People who have excess body fat (especially if a lot of it is on the waist) are more likely to develop heart disease and stroke even if they have no other risk factors. Excess weight increases the heart's work. It also raises blood pressure and blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and lowers HDL ("good") cholesterol levels. Diabetes is more likely to develop. By losing even as few as 10 pounds, you can lower your heart disease risk.

Diabetes Mellitus - Diabetes seriously increases your risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Even when glucose (blood sugar) levels are under control, diabetes increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. The risks are even greater if blood sugar is not well controlled. Roughly 67% of men and 57% of women with diabetes at age 50 will develop cardiovascular disease by age 75. About three-quarters of diabetics die of some form of heart or blood vessel disease. If you have diabetes, it's extremely important to work with your healthcare provider to manage it and control any other risk factors you can.

Stress - Individual response to stress may be a contributing factor. Some scientists have noted a relationship between coronary heart disease risk and stress in a person's life, their health behavior, and socioeconomic status. These factors may affect established risk factors. For example, people under stress tend to overeat, smoke more, and increase alcohol consumption.

Alcohol - Drinking too much alcohol can raise blood pressure, cause heart failure, and lead to stroke. It can contribute to high triglycerides, cancer and other diseases, and produce irregular heartbeat. It contributes to obesity, alcoholism, suicide, and accidents. However the risk of heart disease in people who drink moderate amounts of alcohol (an average of one drink for women or two drinks for men per day) is lower than in nondrinkers. One drink is defined as 1-1/2 fluid ounces (floz) of 80-proof spirits (such as bourbon, Scotch, vodka, gin, etc.), 1 floz of 100-proof spirits, 4 floz of wine or 12 floz of beer. It is not recommended that nondrinkers start using alcohol or that drinkers increase the amount they drink to lower risk of cardiovascular disease.

If you reach the age of 50 with none of the above risk factors, the lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease is just 5% for men and 8% for women. There is a good chance the you will live into your 90s.

If the age of 50 is reached with two or more risk factors, then lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease jumps to 69% for men and 50% for women. The median survival rate for men and women with two risk factors is a decade shorter than the ones with none.